Pipeline Attacks Highlight Growing Tensions in Iran’s Water Crisis

Tensions over Iran’s deepening water shortage have flared once again with fresh attacks on the pipeline carrying water from Isfahan to Yazd. On March 29, unidentified individuals set fire to Pumping Stations No. 3 and 4 in the Varzaneh area of Isfahan, causing severe damage to the facilities and disruptions in water flow to Yazd.

Local farmers in eastern Isfahan have long protested the water transfer to neighboring Yazd, arguing they are deprived of their rightful share amid worsening drought conditions. They assert that officials ignore their “water rights,” leaving agricultural livelihoods at risk. This dispute has led to repeated acts of sabotage; in fact, the pipeline has been attacked more than 50 times, reflecting widespread frustration over what critics label as failed policies in addressing Iran’s water crisis.

Yazd, one of Iran’s driest regions, depends heavily on this pipeline, sourcing about 50% of its drinking water from the Zayanderud Basin in Isfahan Province. Prolonged drought in central Iran has depleted water reserves for both provinces. Local authorities in Yazd warn they lack alternative supplies and caution that existing wells and reservoirs cannot meet current demand.

Despite multiple pleas from residents and officials, no comprehensive solution has been proposed by Iran’s central government. Opposition to inter-provincial water transfers has intensified as the Zayanderud River, once a vital resource for agriculture and drinking water, continues to dwindle. Observers worry that without a workable plan for equitable distribution and sustainable usage, tensions and sabotage are bound to escalate.

The recent attack in Varzaneh has compounded an already “extremely critical” situation in Yazd, as emergency pumping and rationing measures have failed to alleviate shortages. Government representatives from Yazd have staged silent protests in parliament to highlight “repeated assaults” on the pipeline and the lack of action from higher authorities.

With the crisis deepening, water experts say Iran must prioritize transparent water management reforms, invest in infrastructure upgrades, and involve stakeholders from all impacted regions. Otherwise, disputes between provinces—rooted in fierce competition for scarce water resources—are likely to intensify, threatening both stability and the livelihoods of local communities.