Timeline: Trump's Iran Diplomacy

Apr 12, 2025

U.S. Special Envoy for the Middle East Steve Witkoff and Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi met in Muscat for indirect talks mediated by Omani Foreign Minister Sayyid Badr Albusaidi. Araghchi reportedly told Iranian state television that there were four exchanges of messages through the Omani mediators during the talks on April 12, 2025. Following the indirect exchanges via Albusaidi, Witkoff and Araghchi reportedly spoke directly to one another for around 45 minutes before departing.

Apr 12, 2025
Mahmoud Nabavian, a member of Iran’s parliament as well as a notable critic of the JCPOA, stated that Steve Witkoff agreed to travel to Oman for the talks at Iran’s request. According to a quote from Nabavian: “They (the US) said (Marco) Rubio should come, but we said Witkoff should come, and they accepted.”
Apr 11, 2025
Esmaeil Baghaei, spokesperson for Iran’s Foreign Ministry, released this statement on X ahead of the talks in Oman: “In earnest & with candid vigilance we are giving diplomacy a genuine chance. U.S. should value this decision formed despite their prevailing confrontational hoopla.  We do not prejudge… We do not predict… We intend to assess the other side’s intent & resolve this Saturday.  We shall reflect and respond accordingly.”
Apr 10, 2025
During a press briefing, in response to a question regarding Ali Shamkhani’s threat of expelling IAEA inspectors, State Department spokesperson Tammy Bruce stated: “First of all, these actions – the threat of that kind of action, of course, is inconsistent with Iran’s claims of a peaceful nuclear program. All right? Also, expelling IAEA inspectors from Iran would be an escalation and a miscalculation on Iran’s part. The United States remains deeply concerned that Iran is amassing a growing stockpile of highly enriched uranium for which there is no credible peaceful purpose. Iran is the only non-nuclear weapon state producing highly enriched uranium at this level. Also, beyond the threat to expel the international nuclear inspectors but also threatening to transfer its stock of uranium to secret locations – and again, why would one need to do that if it was for peaceful energy work? It doesn’t make much sense. So again, it is an escalation and a miscalculation on Iran’s part if they were to do so.”
Apr 10, 2025
Ahead of the U.S. and Iran’s talks in Oman, Ali Shamkhani – senior political advisor to Iran’s Supreme Leader and former secretary of the Supreme National Security Council –, posted to X that: “The continuation of external threats and Iran being in a state of #military_attack may lead to deterrent measures, including #expulsion_of_inspectors from IAEA and cessation of cooperation. Transfer of #enriched_materials to secure locations may also be considered.”
Apr 9, 2025
The Department of Treasury announced new sanctions against Iran’s nuclear program, “designating five entities and one individual based in Iran for their support to key entities that manage and oversee Iran’s nuclear program, including the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) and the AEOI-subordinate Iran Centrifuge Technology Company (TESA).” Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent emphasized that “Treasury will continue to leverage our tools and authorities to disrupt any attempt by Iran to advance its nuclear program and its broader destabilizing agenda.”
Apr 8, 2025
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi published an op-ed in The Washington Post where he addressed President Trump’s announcement of direct talks, emphasizing Iran’s willingness to secure a deal and trade with the U.S. while also noting that the talks are indirect:  “Regarding Monday’s comments by President Donald Trump, Iran is ready to engage in earnest and with a view to seal a deal. We will meet in Oman on Saturday for indirect negotiations. It is as much an opportunity as it is a test. The model of engagement we propose is not novel. The United States itself is intermediating indirect talks between Russia and Ukraine — a much more intense and complex conflict entailing strategic, territorial, military, security and economic aspects.” Araghchi further noted that “To move forward today, we first need to agree that there can be no “military option,” let alone a “military solution.” President Trump clearly recognizes this reality in urging a ceasefire as the first course of action to end the Ukraine conflict.” On the possibility of trade with the United States, Araghchi said “Many in Washington portray Iran as a closed country from an economic point of view. The truth is that we are open to welcoming businesses from around the world. It is the U.S. administrations and congressional impediments, not Iran, that have kept American enterprises away from the trillion-dollar opportunity that access to our economy represents. Indeed, when the United States agreed to license the sale of passenger aircraft as a part of the JCPOA, Iran immediately negotiated a contract with Boeing to buy 80 planes. To say that the scope for trade and investment in Iran is unparalleled is an understatement.”
Apr 7, 2025
During a press conference at the White House with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, President Trump announced that he will be holding direct talks with Iran: “We’re having direct talks with Iran. They’ve started, it’ll go on Saturday, we have a very big meeting and we’ll see what can happen. And I think everybody agrees that doing a deal would be preferable to doing the obvious. And the obvious is not something that I want to be involved with, or frankly that Israel wants to be involved with if they can avoid it. So, we’re going to see if we can avoid it. But it’s getting to be very dangerous territory, and hopefully those talks will be successful. And I think it would be in Iran’s best interest if they are successful. We hope that’s going to happen.”
Apr 3, 2025
On board Air Force One, President Trump stated regarding the possibility of indirect negotiations, “I think it’s better if we have direct talks. I think it goes faster, and you understand the other side a lot better, than if you go through intermediaries. They wanted to use intermediaries, I don’t think that’s necessarily true anymore. I think they’re concerned, I think they feel vulnerable, and I don’t want them to feel that way.” When asked about if Iran communicated their desire via letter, Trump stated, “Forget about letters, I think they want to have direct talks.”
Apr 1, 2025
Ali Larijani, an adviser to Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, responded to Trump’s warnings that there will be bombings if there is no deal. Larijani declared, “We are not moving towards (nuclear) weapons, but if you do something wrong in the Iranian nuclear issue, you will force Iran to move towards that because it has to defend itself.” “Iran does not want to do this, but … (it) will have no choice,” he added. “If at some point you (the US) move towards bombing by yourself or through Israel, you will force Iran to make a different decision.” This is among the most explicit suggestions from a senior Iranian figure that the Supreme Leader’s prohibition on securing nuclear weapons would be revisited amid war.
Mar 31, 2025
President Trump posted to Truth Social regarding continued strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen:  “The Iran-backed Houthi Terrorists have been decimated by the relentless strikes over the past two weeks. Many of their Fighters and Leaders are no longer with us. We hit them every day and night — Harder and harder. Their capabilities that threaten Shipping and the Region are rapidly being destroyed. Our attacks will continue until they are no longer a threat to Freedom of Navigation. The choice for the Houthis is clear: Stop shooting at U.S. ships, and we will stop shooting at you. Otherwise, we have only just begun, and the real pain is yet to come, for both the Houthis and their sponsors in Iran.”
Mar 30, 2025
President Trump, in a telephone interview, declared “If they don’t make a deal, there will be bombing. It will be bombing the likes of which they (Iran) have never seen before.” Trump continued, “There’s a chance that if they don’t make a deal, that I will do secondary tariffs on them like I did four years ago.”
Mar 27, 2025
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi made a post on X regarding the leaked signal chat between Secretary Hegseth, Vice President JD Vance, Mike Waltz, Tulsi Gabbard, and others on the coordination of recent U.S. strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen: “People around the globe—including Americans—now see how US officials look at world affairs. Some highlight severe incompetence and, more importantly, total disregard for human life in the decision making. As for Iran, we see perhaps another reason to take the recent political overtures with a huge grain of salt.”
Mar 24, 2025
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated in an interview that there is no ban on Iran’s economic relations with the United States. According to Araghchi, “One criticism of the JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) is that it did not pave the way for American businesses to engage commercially with Iran. However, this limitation originated from the United States itself, as it only lifted secondary sanctions under the JCPOA while primary sanctions remained in place, effectively preventing American individuals from doing business with Iran.”  He also added, “Nevertheless, the U.S. did introduce some exceptions within its primary sanctions, including permissions for aircraft purchases and a few other limited activities. Immediately after the JCPOA, we began negotiations to purchase airplanes from Boeing in the U.S. and Airbus in Europe. Contracts were signed for approximately 80 aircraft, and had the JCPOA remained in effect, these deliveries would likely have started last year. Thus, we have no barriers on our side to trade with the United States; the restrictions exist only from the American side.”
Mar 23, 2025
U.S. National Security Advisor Michael Waltz reacted to Witkoff’s remarks on Face the Nation. When asked if the administration was seeking the dismantlement of Iran’s nuclear program of verification like the 2015 nuclear deal struck under the Obama administration, Waltz stated:  “Full dismantlement. Iran has to give up its program in a way that the entire world can see. As President Trump has said, this is coming to a head. All options are on the table, and it is time for Iran to walk away completely from its desire to have a nuclear weapon, and they will not and cannot be allowed to have a nuclear weapons program. That’s enrichment, that is weaponization and that is its strategic missile program. “Can you only imagine? We’ve seen the death and destruction that they’re doing through its proxies…if they had nuclear weapons, the entire Middle East would explode in an arms race, and that is completely unacceptable to our national security. I won’t get into what the back and forth has been, but Iran is in the worst place it has been from its own national security since 1979, thanks to Hezbollah, Hamas, the Assad regime and its own air defenses being taken out through the Israelis.”When asked if diplomacy is still on the table, Waltz replied: “Well, of course. The president has all options on the table, but we want to be clear. This isn’t some kind of – kind of tit for tat that we had under the Obama administration or Biden. This is the full program. Give it up or there will be consequences.”
Mar 22, 2025
In an interview with Tucker Carlson, Trump diplomatic envoy Steve Witkoff outlined the administration’s approach toward Iran. When asked by Carlson if President Trump’s preference is for diplomacy instead of war with Iran, Witkoff stated: “Yes, that’s fair… Look, he sent a letter to the Iranians. Usually, it would be the Iranians reaching out to him, especially since their air defenses were severely weakened after the attack from Israel. They’re open to attack today. Iran is a small country compared to ours, and if we used overwhelming force, it would be very, very bad for them. And this is not a threat. I’m not threatening here—this isn’t me issuing a threat. If the Iranians hear this, they should know it’s the president who has that authority. Under these circumstances, it would make sense for Iran to reach out diplomatically. Instead, it’s the president who initiated contact. And I can tell you, he’s not doing this from a position of weakness. He’s not a weak man—he’s one of the strongest men I’ve ever met, maybe the strongest. Even those who dislike him would have to acknowledge that.” When asked by Carlson about the contents of Trump’s letter, Witkoff replied: “It roughly said, ‘I’m a president of peace. That’s what I want. There’s no reason for us to do this militarily. We should talk, clear up misconceptions, and create a verification program so no one has to worry about the weaponization of your nuclear material.’ He wants to get to that place because the alternative isn’t good for anyone. That’s a rough summary. And the president has publicly stated this, so it’s not top secret. The Iranians have reached back out, and I’m not at liberty to talk about the specifics, but through back channels, multiple countries, and various conduits, they reached back out. I believe there’s a real possibility of a diplomatic solution—not because I’ve spoken to anyone in Iran, but because logically, it makes sense. The president has indicated he’s open to helping Iran clean it all up, come back to the world and be a great nation again, free from sanctions and able to grow their economy. These are very smart people. Their economy was once wonderful. Today, they’re being strangled and suffocated. There’s no need for that to happen. They can join the League of nations, and we can build and grow a better relationship. That’s the alternative he’s presenting.” When Carlson suggested that the President wants “to deal with Iran with respect and build trust,” Witkoff replied: “Exactly. And hopefully, the Iranians will respond positively. I think anything can be solved through dialogue, by clearing up misconceptions and miscommunications and disconnects between people. I’m certainly hopeful for it. And yet, the president doesn’t want to go to war. He’ll use military action only to stop a war, not to start one. In this case, hopefully, it won’t be necessary, and hopefully we can resolve it at the negotiating table.” Carlson suggested “I hope for our sake you wind up in Tehran” to negotiate a deal, leading Witkoff to say: “I hope I do too, or someone else from the administration. This is a bit more complicated because it involves nuclear issues, which require technical expertise. But I think it’ll begin with the president or someone from his team—maybe me, maybe others. I’ll welcome the opportunity if I’m involved.”
Mar 20, 2025
Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated that President Donald Trump’s letter to Iran’s Supreme Leader “mostly amounts to threats” but also “claims to offer certain opportunities.” Araghchi made these remarks on a special Norooz program on Channel 2, which he attended with his wife and young daughter. He noted that Iran has examined all aspects of the letter in detail and is preparing a response that “will reflect both the threats and the potential openings contained within.” According to Araghchi, “We have carefully reviewed all aspects of the letter. The response we are preparing will reflect these dimensions, including both the threats and the purported opportunities.”
Mar 17, 2025

President Trump posted on Truth Social on recent strikes on Yemen, putting the onus on Iran to rein in the actions of Houthi rebels in Yemen. His posted stated:
“Let nobody be fooled! The hundreds of attacks being made by Houthi, the sinister mobsters and thugs based in Yemen, who are hated by the Yemeni people, all emanate from, and are created by, IRAN. Any further attack or retaliation by the “Houthis” will be met with great force, and there is no guarantee that that force will stop there. Iran has played “the innocent victim” of rogue terrorists from which they’ve lost control, but they haven’t lost control. They’re dictating every move, giving them the weapons, supplying them with money and highly sophisticated Military equipment, and even, so-called, “Intelligence.” Every shot fired by the Houthis will be looked upon, from this point forward, as being a shot fired from the weapons and leadership of IRAN, and IRAN will be held responsible, and suffer the consequences, and those consequences will be dire!”

Mar 16, 2025
Following U.S. strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen, National Security adviser Michael Waltz spoke on ABC’s “This Week,” where he asserted that with Iran, “All actions are always on the table with the president. But Iran needs to hear him loud and clear.”  Referring to Iran’s nuclear program, Waltz stated “All options are on the table to ensure it does not have one. And that’s all aspects of Iran’s program. That’s the missiles, the weaponization, the enrichment. They can either hand it over and give it up in a way that is verifiable, or they can face a whole series of other consequences.” Iran has often stated that discussion on its missile program is non-negotiable, as is a full dismantlement of its nuclear program.
Mar 15, 2025
The United States launched large-scale strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen reportedly aimed at countering the group’s continued attacks on global shipping in the Red Sea, which had recently declined amid the ceasefire in Gaza. The strikes reportedly killed at least 53 people – including five children. U.S. officials indicated that were reportedly meant to serve as a warning to Iran to halt its ongoing support for the Houthis. In response to the strikes and accompanying warnings, Iran’s top IRGC Commander, Hossein Salami, stated in response that the Houthis maintain their own strategic decisions and are independent. Salami continued that “We warn our enemies that Iran will respond decisively and destructively if they take their threats into action.”